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Keraplex Horse & Cattle
Indications:
Keraplex is a purple liquid containing neomycin. Keraplex is indicated
as an aid in the treatment of pink eye in cattle due to
bacteria susceptible to neomycin, and topically as a wound
dressing for minor cuts, and abrasions of cattle, sheep,
and horses.
Directions for Use:
- Spray an amount sufficient to cover the eye or cut.
- Repeat the treatment every 6-12 hours until improvement
occurs.
Caution:
- Keep out of the reach of children..
Unit Size:
500 mL
12 bottles per carton
Keraplex
- PINK EYE GUARD vs THE REST
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Product
|
Active Ingredients
|
Size
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| Keraplex
- Pink Eye Guard (DVL) |
Methyl
violet 2.4mg/ml
Neomycin Sulfate 1.0mg/ml
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500ml
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| Pinkeye
Spray (Citadel) |
Gentian
violet 2.4mg/ml
Neomycin sulfate 1.0mg/ml |
500ml |
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Wound And Pinkeye Spray
(Bimeda-MTC)
|
Gentian
violet 2.4mg/ml
Neomycin sulfate 1.0mg/ml |
500ml |
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Pink-eye, or infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, occurs in cattle throughout the world. It is a contagious disease, occuring mainly in young cattle in summer and autumn. Occasionally outbreaks occur in winter, generally in closely confined cattle such as those in feedlots.
Deaths are rare, but economic loss occurs through retarded growth rate, decreased milk production and increased handling costs. Most affected animals recover without treatment in 3-5 weeks. A number of bacteria and viruses have been found to cause pink-eye but the most important is the bacteria known as Moraxella bovis. Several factors probably influence infection of the eye by Moraxella bovis. Infective material discharged from the eyes of affected cattle can be spread to other animals by flies, or onto long grass grazed by the cattle. Sunlight and dust make the problem worse. There may also be other organisms, such as viruses and mycoplasmas, that cause eye damage and allow Moraxella bovis to become established.
A number of bacteria and viruses have been found to cause pink-eye but the most important is the bacteria known as Moraxella bovis. Several factors probably influence infection of the eye by Moraxella bovis. Infective material discharged from the eyes of affected cattle can be spread to other animals by flies, or onto long grass grazed by the cattle. Sunlight and dust make the problem worse. There may also be other organisms, such as viruses and mycoplasmas, that cause eye damage and allow Moraxella bovis to become established.
Pink-eye is mainly a disease of young cattle. It is commonly seen in young cattle in their first summer. Severe outbreaks may occur in older cattle if they have never been exposed to the disease. After infection, cattle develop a temporary immunity which lasts up to a year. Exposure to the causative agents in following years gives further immunity, usually without eye changes being obvious. Infection can occasionally persist in a few animals and these are a source of infection in the following summer. The infection rate increases to a peak about 3-4 weeks after the first cases appear, and then gradually decreases.The prevalence of pink-eye in districts and on individual farms varies from year to year, depending on seasons and weather, the fly population and whether cattle are grazing long grass. On some farms there may be only occasional cases while on others 60-80% of cattle may be affected in very severe outbreaks. In most years the average infection rate is 5-10%.
The first signs seen are:
copious watery eye discharge
aversion to sunlight
signs of irritation: for example, excessive blinking
reddening and swelling of the eyelids and the third eyelid.
The eye will then go cloudy in the middle and may ulcerate during the next two days. Many animals spontaneously recover at this stage. In a small number of untreated cases, ulceration may progress to abscess formation, with possible rupture of the cornea and permanent blindness. After recovery about 2% of affected eyes have a residual white scar on the cornea. An even smaller percentage progress to abscess formation.
Most animals are completely recovered 3-5 weeks after infection without treatment and usually only one eye is affected. Animals that are severely affected in both eyes may grow poorly. Milking cows may produce less milk. Cattle become more difficult to muster with blind animals in the herd. Accidental deaths may occur if affected animals fall into dams or are trapped in fences.
Grass seeds are also troublesome during the time of the year when pink-eye usually occurs. Examination of the eye will reveal one or more grass seeds. Damage to the eye caused by a grass seed is generally more varied than damage due to pink-eye, and the eye does not get better unless the grass seed is removed.
First aid kits needn't be elaborate. Here's the top ten items you'll want to keep in a sturdy box for unexpected injuries or illness. You don't need to keep a stock of injectable or oral medications. Unless you are very experienced with reading symptoms medications may mask important indicators your veterinarian will need to diagnose a problem. They are best administered only with veterinarian supervision. A thermometer will quickly tell you if your horse has an elevated temperature--a sure sign of a health problem that needs attention. I prefer digital over mercury as I don't need my reading glasses or a watch to get an accurate reading. Some models save the last temperature taken, should you forget to write it down. A string and clip feature will help prevent the thermometer getting 'lost'.
You’ll find antiseptic wound cleaners such as Hibitane, Betadine or Novalsan scrubs are useful for washing skin infections, cuts and punctures.
pair of sharp scissors is essential. If you have wire fences there is a chance your horse could get entangled. Keep a pair of wire or bolt cutters (Compare Prices)handy. These can also be used to remove a very loose shoe.
Keep a clean set of leg wraps handy for emergencies. Since you want them to be clean and ready, have an extra set of stable wraps other than those you might be using for non-emergency use.
Use for padding under leg wraps or cut up for wound dressing:
Gamgee cloth.
Disposable diapers (although they are not breathable).
Gauze diapers (Compare Prices).
Leg cottons used under stable wraps work as well. The cottons must be kept clean so seal an extra set in a zip closure bag for your first aid kit.
What did we do before the availability of these stretchy self-sticking bandages? They seem to have so many uses around the stable. In a first aid situation use to keep a dressing in place, or help support stable wraps there are lots of different name brands such as VetWrap, Co-Flex and others.
keep a big tub of this handy to soothe and protect sunburned noses, help clear up grease heel, and protect and heal minor cuts and nicks. You can find zinc oxide creams in the baby care section of your drugstore. My favorite is Ilhe’s Paste—inexpensive and effective.
Epsom salts are great for drawing out infection. I often use good old salt water to wash out cuts and scrapes on both four legged and two legged family members.
Nicks, cuts and scrapes can be encouraged to heal by keeping the skin moist and clean. There is a wide variety of products available. Choose all natural products or products containing various medicinal and antibiotic ingredients.
There are lots of great veterinary first aid books on bookstore shelves. Buy one and read it before an emergency happens. Another book you’ll want is a small notebook to keep track of temperatures or write down things you want to tell the vet and may forget in your worry. Keep both books in your first aid kit with your vet’s number written on the covers. Of course, keep your veterinarian’s number near the phone as well.
Protection: the stable bandage offers some protection against minor cuts and bruises in the stall.
Warmth: stable bandages are occasionally used to keep the lower legs of the horse warm, or to help dry legs that may be wet or muddy.
Securing a poultice/dressing: stable bandages are often used to hold a poultice on the lower legs, or to hold on a wound dressing on an injury.
To keep an injury clean: if a horse cuts his lower leg, a stable bandage can help keep the area from being contaminated by stall bedding or dirt. However, it may slow the healing process.
Reduce or prevent "filling": after hard work, or if a horse is kept in a stall for long periods of time, the lower legs of the animal may "fill" or "stock up", causing filled legs (fluid builds up and swells the leg). A stable bandage can help prevent this.
As a base: stable bandages are used as a "base" for bandages higher up on the leg (such as a knee or hock bandage). This prevents the swelling of the injury higher up from traveling down the leg.
When bandaging in pairs: when a horse injures a leg, it often places more weight, and thus excess stress, on the uninjured leg. To prevent the uninjured leg from swelling, it should also be bandaged. So both front legs, both hind legs, or all four legs should be bandaged.
Traveling: stable bandages are often used when shipping a horse, instead of using shipping bandages (which are more time-consuming to apply), or shipping boots (which may not offer as much protection). When used for shipping, it is best to also use bell boots on the front legs, as the heels and pasterns are not protected by a stable bandage.
Cancer of the eye
Eye cancer may originate on the cornea but usually can be seen as a plaque or tumour of the third eyelid or conjunctival membranes. The growth is raised above the surface and the edges are ragged.
Viral disease
Some viral diseases, such as malignant catarrhal fever and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, may be confused with pink-eye because they cause cloudiness of the eyeball. However, affected cattle will also show other signs, related, for example, to the central nervous system or the respiratory system. If you need further advice contact your veterinarian or the district veterinary officer.
Most cattle recover from pink-eye without treatment, 3-5 weeks after infection. Mustering cattle for the purpose of treating pink-eye is unwise because dust and flies increase the spread of infection. If mustering is needed for essential management procedures such as weaning and drenching, affected cattle should be treated for pink-eye while in the yards, and severely affected cattle, such as those with abscesses in both eyes, should be isolated, treated daily and carefully nursed.
In commercial herds treatment is usually given once only. If the disease is in the very early stage (the watery discharge stage) dusts, sprays or ointments may be used successfully. These preparations contain antibiotics and occasionally anti-inflammatory drugs and are available on a veterinarian's prescription. Ointments are preferred because they are effective for longer periods, and are less irritating and less traumatic to the eye. However, they are more expensive and require the use of better facilities; such as, for example, a head bail.
In late and more severe stages of the disease, injection of a combination of a broad-spectrum antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory drug underneath the upper eyelid is often successful. This form of treatment is more expensive, requires head restraint, and is best given by a veterinary surgeon.
When valuable stud cattle are affected special treatment may be given. This may consist of ointments containing antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory drug, or an injection under the upper eyelid using the same drugs as described for commercial cattle. These forms of treatment are often used in combination with either an eye patch or a third eyelid flap which protects the eye from dust, flies and sunlight. Occasionally intra-muscular injections of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used despite the expense.
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